Railway construction



6 SHEETS-SHEET I W. G. COUGHLIN. RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION. Fl LED AUG 141918 Jan. 9, 1923.

6 SHEETSSHEET 2 W. G. COUGHLIN. RAI LWAY CONSTRUCTION, FILED Aus 14 191BJan. 9, 1923.

Jan. 9, 1923. W. G. COUGHLIN.

RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3 FILED Auc. I4, 1918.

Zgvmmmtoz 6. SHEETS'SHEET 5 Jan. 9, 1923.

W. G.- COUGHLIN. RAI LWAY CONSTRUCTION FILED AUG. 14. 1918.

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6 SHEETS-SHEET 6 Jan. 9, 1923.

w. c. COUGHLIN. RAl LWAY CONSTRUCTION Fl LED AUG 14 1918 m knew innateWILLIAM G. COUGHLIN, or rnrnannnrnm, PENNSYLVANIA.

I I narnwar consent-onion. I

' Application filed August 14, 1918. Serial N'o.v 249,882.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, WILLIAM G. Conan- LIN, acitizen of the United States, and residing at Philadelphia, PhiladelphiaCounty,

State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Railway Constructions, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to rail chairs and ties for supporting therails in railway constructions.

The principal objects of the invention are to provide a rail chair whichhas a maximum rigidity or stiffness for the amount of material usedytoprovide a chair having a substantially uninterrupted bearing on itssupport throughout its area; to provide a form of fastening); meanstosecure the chair to the support which does not mutilate or weaken thesupport; to provide means for regauging the rails without moving therail chairs; to provide means for securing the rails in position whichpermits rails having different width flanges to" be used; to provide anexceedingly strong and dependable means to secure the rail to the chair;to provide independent supports'for the pair of rails of the track incombination with means to adj ustably space the supports; to providesuch spacing means directly connecting opposite chairs; to provide across-tie otapproximately the, same section and dimensions as the,usualtie and constructed or built up of timber, concrete, or other material; to provide built up cross-ties made from timber heretoforeconsidered unsuitable for the purpose and to provide a short tie orhearing; block oi wood, concrete or other nraterial, or even from soundsections cut from discarded wooden ties in combinatioir with means tohold the hearing blocks in proper spaced relation. Other objects andfeatures of novelty will be apparent from the description taken inconnection with the drawings in which: Figure 1 is a top plan view of arail chair constructed in accordance with the present invention; I I III Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same; Figure is a side elevationof a chair mounted on a support and showing the manner of securing therail theretoand the chair to the support; I I I Figure is perspectiveview of clip employed for the purpose of securing the rail to the chair;

tie;

Figurefi is a top plan viewofabuilt up cross tie having a pair of'thepresent rail I chairs secured thereto; Figure 6 is a side elevation ofthe parts shown in Figure 5 the rails being shown in cross section;

Figure 7 stantially on the line 77 oi Figure 6;

Figure 8 is a sectional elevation similar to Figure 7 and illustrating amodified form of chair which is divided transversely of the rail toaccommodate the chair to ties of different widths; I I I j Figure 9 is aside. elevationof a pair of independent supports having the present railchairs mounted thereon, the chairs be- I ing maintained in proper spacedrelation by a tie rod connecting thesame; Figure 10 is a sectionalelevation taken substantially on the line 1010 of Figure 9; Figure 11.is a sectional plan view' taken substantially on the. line 11-11 ofFigure 9; I Figure 12 illustrates the rail chairs constructed inaccordance with the present invention mounted on a reinforced concreteis asectional' elevation taken subcross-tie, the means for securing thechairs I to the tie passing through the reinforcement so that the latteracts to hold the chairs in proper spaced relation; I

Figure 13 is a side elevation of the construction shown in Figure 12; v

Figure lei is a sectional elevation taken substantially on the line 141a of Figure 12; I l 1 I Figure 15 is a top plan view of tie and chairconstruction in which the depending reinforcing flanges of the pair ofopposite chairs areintegrally joined and act as the reinforcing memberofthe concrete cross- Figure 16 is a; side elevation ofthe constructionshown in Figure 15;[ I I Figure 17 is a sectional elevation. takensubstantially on, the linev 17'-l7 of; Figure 1.5.;

- Figure- 18 struction illustrating a, niodifiedforni of chair mountedon independentsupports, the rails being held in proper gauged relationby tierods connecting the supports; I

Figure 19 is a side elevation of the construction shownin Figure 18; v

Ficnre 20 is a sectional elevation taken substantially on the line 2020of Figure 19 Figure'Zl is a top plan view of a constructioi'i in whichthe rail chairs are diis a top plan 'yiew of a convided transversely ofthe rail and the cor responding parts of opposite chairs connected by anintegral tie rod, the chairs be ing mounted on independent supports;

' Figure 22 is a side elevation of a construc throughout its area, onthe support, there being no perforations in the plate so that thebearing area is maximum. As shown this plate is substantiallyrectangular in outline and at a pair of lateral edges has the dependingstiffening flanges 31 provided for the purpose of reinforcing the plateagainst bending when it is subjected to the load of a train passing overthe same. These flanges are preferably trapezoidal in outline, as shownin Figure 2, although it is obvious that the invention is not limited tosuch an outline. The lower edges of the flanges 31 may be provided withflanges 32 which act to stiffen and reinforce the dependingfianges 31.The opposite lateral edges of the plate 31 previously mentioned alsohave the laterallyprojecting wings As shown in Figure 1 there are a pairof these wings spaced apart at .each of the said edges and the sides ofthe wings facing each other may be formed with notches 34c for a purposepresently to be described. As shown in Figure 7 the chair is designed tobe, mounted on a support :istruddle of the same, the flanges 31 being incontact with the sides of the support or tie. the purpose of securingthe chair to a support without injuring or weakening the support or tie,bolts 35 extends through the support and aligned holes 36 formed in theflanges 31. In order that the support or tie not be weakened thesetransverse bolts areprefe-rably positioned so that they are at theneutral axis of the same. If the chair is used in connection with aconcrete or similar type of support the flanges 31 may be cut to formtongues 37 which are adapted to be bent up at rightangles to the flangesso that they will extend into the support and furnish a further meansfor securing the chair to a support.

In order to-secure the rail to the plate 30 of the chair, clips 38 areemployed. As clearly shown in Figure el these clips have a laterallyprojecting flange 39 at the top thereof the under surface body of whichis For inclined so that it will have a bearing on the upper side of theflange at the base of the rail. The clip is also formed with asubstantially rectangular projection 4 1 on the bottom' which is cesigned to be positioned in one of the notches 3d, the parts beingarranged so that the clip will be held up against the rail, by theengagement of the projection $1 in the notch 34-. The clip is alsoformed with a vertically extending bolt hole 42 for a bolt 43 the head44. of which is provided with a circular aperture for the bolt 35. Theupper end of the bolt projects above the clip and has a nut 45 threadedthereon there being a washer 46 between the nut and the top of the clip.In the form of the invention now being described there are four clipsand four bolts 43, two being arranged on each side of the base flange ofthe rail. lit will be seen that this construction provides a means forse curing the rail to the chair without perforating the plate 30 of thechair, this desirable feature following from the fact that the bolts orsecuring means are disposed laterally of the edges of the plate 30.

' In some of the "forms of the invention described hereina'fter it isdesirable to provide means for adjusting the rail transversely withrespect to the chair for the purpose of regauging the, rails. This maybe accomplished by forming the clips 38 with projections 41 of differentsizes. Thus as shown in Figure 3 it will be observed that the left handclip has a )rojection of greater width than the right hand clip.Consequently, it a clip is substituted for the left hand one which has anarrower projection 41 and a clip is substituted for the right hand onewith a wider projection 41, the rail will be shifted slightly to theleft of the position shown in said figure. This condition also permitsrails having flanges of different widths to be secured to the chair.

In other words, a rail having a narrow base flange. or a rail having awide flange may be secured to a chair,'jit only being necessary toselect the proper clips.

In addition to providing a chair which has substantially an imperforatebearing plate, it will be observed that the means for securing the railto the'chair does not act directly between the rail and chair but ratherbetween the rail and the support. Consequently, the forces which may actto tend to move therail upwardly are trans mitted directly to thesupport, which, of course, is better than having the "forces. actthrough the chair. It follows from this construction that there a lesstendency fonthe chair to be pulled away from the support than in thefastenings heretofore employed.

in ligures 5 to 7 inclusive 1 have illustrated a pair of chairs mountedon builtup cross tie. Asshownfthe tie comprises a vertically arrangedplank or board's? which extends transversely under bothof the rails. Ateach end of this board and under the rails shorter planks or boards d8are secured to the opposite sides of the central plank 47,

' being fastened theretoin any suitable man- "ner as by means of thebolts 49. It will be much bearing area on the roadbe'd in a short tie byincreasing its width as is now secured by afull length tie with thefurther advantage of providing this bearing area under the rail and notin- .the center of the track, thus avoiding the tie-bound condition.

As illustrated in the said Figures 5 and 7 inclusive the right handchair is of the form already described, that .is to say the rail ismounted on a. chair so that it can be adjusted transversely, the chairbeing nonad-- As the right hand rail, therefore, is transversely adjustrjustably' secured to the tie.

able the left hand rail, if desired, may be secured to the chair in anonadjustable manner and the left hand chair of Figures 5 and 6 isdesigned for this purpose. Thus the plate 30 at one side of the rail hasthe vertically disposed flanges which are formed with the notches 51 atthe edges facing the rail flange, these notches being designed toreceivethe said rail flange. Theopp'oslte side of the rail flange may besecured to the chair by clips 38 in the manner previously (lescribed.

, if it is desired to have a chair. which will lit ties of differentwidths then the chairs already described may be divided longitudinallyas shown in Figure 8. Thus the plate previously described consists oftwo plates the remaining parts of the chair being as already described.

, In Figures 9, 10 and 11, I have illustrated another construction inwhich the rail chairs are mounted on independent supports which as shownare concrete. As already mentioned, it is practicable to increase thehearing area of the supports lengthwise of the rails as compared to thepresent practice.

In this case, however, the supports 51?.

should be made with slopingsides as shown in Figure" 10 so as to affordsufficientspace for the tamping ,of the ties; These inclined sidesprovide a construction with a further advantage that the load of therail and train arecarried substantially at the middle third of the widthof the support. In the form of the invention shown in these fi ures theleft hand chairis of substantially the same construction as thecorresponding chair shown in Figure-5 except that the inside edge of theplate 30 is'provided with the upstanding lug 52. The right hand chair islike the right-hand chair-of Figure 5 except that on the inside edge ofthe plate 30 is formed a lug 53 facing the lug 52. A

tie rod 54- has end lugs 55 which are connected to the lugs 52 and 53 bybolts56.

Thus the rail chairs are held in proper spaced relation andthe regaugingof the track is provided for by securing the right handrail adjustablyto the chair. If it is desired toinsulate one rail from the other theninsulating washers 5'? may be interposed between the lugs 52 and 55 andbetween the bolt 56 and the said lugs. Figure lOclearly showshow thetongues 37 struck up from the side flanges 31 may be embedded in theconcrete. Figure 11 in addition to showing a plan view of the right handchairof Figure 9, also clearly illustrates how the rail is secured forregauging. Thus it willbe seen that the distance a between the left handedge of the base of the rail and the adjacent notch in the wing 33 isgreater than the cor responding distance 6 at the right hand side of therail, the rail being held in this posi tion because the projection n onthe bottom of the left hand clip. 38 is wider than the one on the righthand clip. Consequently, if the two clips onthe'left side of the railare interchanged with the two clips on the right hand side the rail willbe moved slightly to the leftv as viewed in this figure. If it isdesired to cushion the chair a' block 58 of wood or other cushioningmaterial may be interposed between the top surface of the support 51 5and the underside of the plate 30, and maybe secured againstdisplacement as by means of screws 59 extending through the plate 30into the cushion member. As

shown in Figure 9, it it is desired to incline the rail slightly withrespect to the vertical then these cushioning members may be madeslightly wedge shaped.

In Figures 12 to 14k inclusive the construction shown includes areinforced concrete cross tie 60 extending transversely under both railsof the railroad}, A pair of rail chairs similar to the ones describedand shown in Figure 9 are mounted on this tie,

the opposite lateral edges of-which are ina clined with respect to thevertical. The tie is reinforcedby a 1neinber'61 embedded therein andextending longitudinally. This reinforcing member is cut away 21' itscentral portion so that at its ends it is of greater height than at saidcentral portion. 7 The intermediate portion is provided with ajhoriattheir lower edges.

zonta'l flange 62 at its upper ecge and the end. portions have thehorizontal flanges 63 It will be noted that the bolts which secure thechairs to the tie extend through theend portions of the reinforcingmember 61 and consequently this ineinberacts as a means for holding thechairs in proper spaced relation. If it is desired to regauge the'trackthen the clips of the right hand chair may be interchanged in the mannerpreviously described. Cushioning blocks 58 may be interposed between thechairs and the too of the tie as described in connection with *igure 9.

Figures 15 to 17 illustrate a further modifl-cation. In this fo m of theinvention the )late 130 of the chairs has a de aendin flan 'e 131 at:one lateral edge only and this flange extends downwardly and is embeddedin the tie Get, a lower edge thereof having the ioriaontal flange 132.The right hand chair has the lateral wings 133 at the edge having thedepending; flange and the rail is secured to this chairby clips 38 andthe bolts L3. These bolts a3 are secured to the tie 6% by the transversebolts 35 which extend through the flange 131 of the chairhnd are positioned atthe neutral axis of the tie. The left hand chair also has adepending flange 131 at the same edge as the right hand chair and theplate 130 is provided at one of its lateral edges, that s, at the onehaving the depending flange, with the vertical flange 50 having a notch51 receiving the flange at the base of the rail and also with a wing 133for a clip 38 secured in the manner already fully described. As shown,the two dependflanges. 131 are integrally connected by the reinforcingbar 65 and consequently the chairs are maintained rigidly in properspaced relation.- It will be observed that the manner of securing theright hand rail to its chair provides means for regauging the track. lifdesired cushioning; blocks 58 may be interposed between the bottom ofthe chair and the tie. v

in the cmstruction illustrated in Figures 15%, W 11nd 2t), chairs ofsomewhatdifferent form from the ones previously described are mounted onindependent supports 66 which as shown are made of concrete. Each of thechairs comprises the flat plate 30 at one lateral edge havingthedepending reinforcing flange 231, the flange being stiffened by 'aprojecting rib 232 at its edges. The chairs are des' ed to be disposedon the supports with the said reinforcing flange 231 embedded in theconcrete. Atone of its lateral edges the plate 30 has the verticalflange 50 formed with a notch 51 adapted to fit over the flange at thebase of the rail. The opposite lateral of the plate has a similar flange50 which disposed diagonally with respect to the flange, this latterflange also being formed wit 1 anotch 51 positioned to fit over theopposite edge of the base flange of the rail. If desired, cushioningblocks 58 may be arranged between thetop of the support and the bottomof the plate .30 and held against displacement by the Jrovision is madein the means for securin .l e:

the chair to the rail for adjusting the rails transversely with respectto each other. In order to provide for such adjustment and also hold therails in proper soaced relation tie rods 67 are provided, these rodshaving the bent ends 68 slightly inclined to the length of the rod andformed with the series ofholes 69 for the b.0lts35 which extend through.the support and the reinforcing flanges 281 of the chairs. Preferablyone of these tie rods is disposed on each side of the supports and itwill be seen, if it is desired to change the gauge of the track, that avery fine adjustment may be obtained by passing the bolts 35 through oneof the other holes 69 formed in the tie rods. lhuthermore the bolts 35:pass through the reinforcing flanges 231, the chairs are in effectdirectly connected by the said tie rods, that is to say, the stresseswhich act to cause the spacing of the rails to change are carrieddirectly from the. chairs to the tie rods, the supports merelyperforming the function of carrying the rails and affording sufficientbearing area on the roadbed.

lit will be observed that the flanges 50 which are at the upper edges ofthe plates 30 as shown in Figure 18 are positioned on the inside of therails while the other flanges 50 are positioned on the outside-of therails. This arrangementof the flanges is im iiortant in order that thetie rod 67 may prevent swinging of the supports or cl'iairs in adirectioi'i whichmight ('lisengage the notches from the base flanges ofthe rails.

In Figure 21 I have illustrated a form of theinvention in which thechairs are constructed so that't'hey may be fitted over supports ofdiflerent widths.- dis shown the left hand chair is similar to the lefthand chair of Figure 5 except that it is divided longitudinally, theplate thus comprising' the two parts 330 and 331, the rail beingnonadyustably secured to the chair. The opposite right hand chair issimilar to the right hand chair of Figure 5 except that the plate isdivided longitudinally, that is, transversely to the rail, thusconsisting of the two parts 330 and 331. For the purpose of holdingtherails in proper gauge the plates 330 and 330 are connected by theintegral tie rod 354 andthe plates 331 and 331 are connected by theparallel an'd similar integral tie rod 355. As shown, the chairs aremounted on independent concrete supports 351 and cushioning blo'cks58may be disposed between the'bottom of the chair plates and the top ofthe support. The rails may be re-gauged by interchanging theclips 38 ofthe right hand-chair in the manner previously described. Figure 22illustrates a construction similar to Figures 9, 10 and 11 except thatthe chairs are notprovided with thelugs 52 and 5 3,the rails being heldin proper gauged position by a tie'rod 454 having threaded ends r55directlyconnected to thewebs of the rails by. the nuts-4:56 mounted onthe opposite sides of the said webs. 'When it is necessary to re-gaugethe track the clips 88 of the righthand chair are interchanged and thenuts 4:56 on the tie rod turned so that the rails are'held in the gaugedrelation. i q

In Figure 23 a modified construction is shown for clamping the clips 38against the base flange of the rails. Thus instead of using a bolt whichextends through the clip and has its head mounted on the transversebolts 35, a shorter bolt 43 is employed having a head 1&3 which abutsthe under surface of the wings 33. By screwing down the nut 45 the clip38 will be drawn down on to the base flange of the rail, upward motionbeing prevented by the head l l 8e'ngaging the undersurface of said wing33.

It will be observed, in all forms of the invention described, the plateof the chair projects on each side of the rail, so that the baseof therail does not bear on more than the middle third of the plate. Thus,tilting of the plate on the tie is resisted, so that the edges parallelto the raildo not dig into the tie. Furthermore, because of thereinforcing fianges, a plate of relatively great length transverse tothe rail may be employed without making it unduly heavy;

Although several forms of the invention have been described in detail itis understood that the invention isnot thus limitedbut in- I eludes-allchanges and modifications which come within the scope of p the appendedclaims. U

' Having thus described the invention what is claimed as new anddesiredto be secured by LettersPateiit is I 1. rail comprising a flat plateadapted to be mounted on a support with its lower surface inuninterrupted contact; with the support throughout the width of thesupport and the length of the plate, said platehaw ing an integraldepending reinforcing flange to stiffen the same extending substantiallyfrom end to end of the-plate and transversely to the rail,-means tosecure the rail to the plate without perforating the latter, the plateextending under and projecting a substantial amount at both sides of therail, and means to secure the flange to the support whereby the rail isheld against displacement, relative to the support without perforatingthe plate.

2. In combination, a: support, a rail chair comprising a fiat plateadapted to be mounted on the support with its lower surface in contacttherewith throughoutan area equal to the width of the support and thelength of the plate, said plate projecting a substantial amount at bothsides of the rail and having an integral depending reinforcing flange tostiffen thesame extending substantially from end to end of the plate andtransverselyto' the rail, means arranged laterally of the platecooperating therewith to secure the rail to the plate, and means tosecure said flange to the support whereby the chair is held againstmovement relative to the sup port and the rail relative to theohair'without perforating the plate. v

3. In combination, a support, a rail chair comprising a'flat plateadapted to be mountdisposed-outside the area of the plate resting on thesupport to secure'the rail to the plate including a member operativelyconnected to the base of the rail and said bolt.

4, In combination, a support, a rail chair comprising a flat plateadapted to be mounted on said support, said plate projecting at bothsides of the rail an amount at least substantially equal to the width oftherail and having an integral depending reinforcing flange to stiffenthe same in the direction transversely of, the rail, a bolt extendingthrough said flange and support, and means to secure the rail tothesplate including a member operatively connected to the base of tegraldepending reinforcing flange to stiffen the same in thedirectiontransversely of the rail, a pair of parallel bolts extending throughsaid flange and support, and means to secure the rail to the plateincluding, a belt at each side of the rail 'operatively connected to thebase of the rail and one of said pair of bolts. I

6. The combination with a support, of a rail chaircomprising a fiatplate of a length suificient to proJect from. each SideOf the rail asulistantial amount, the lower surface of said plate resting on saidsupport substantially throughout its area, means disposed ]aterallyoutside said area to secure the rail and chair together, and meansreinforcing the plate against bending including a flange extendingsubstantially from end to end of the plate transversely of the rail,said flange being deepest at the middle section thereof and tapered indepth from said section to the respective ends of the plate.

'7. The combination with a support, of a rail chair comprising a flatplate of a. length sufiicient to project from each side of the raila'suhstantial amount, the lower surface of said plate restingon saidsupportsubstantially throughoutiits area, means disposed laterallyOutside said area to secure the rail and chair together, and meansreinforcing the plateagainst bending including a flange extendingsubstantially from end to end of the plate transversely of the rail,said flange being deepest at the middle section thereof and tapered indepth from said section to the respectiveends of the plate, said flangehaving, astifiiening flange at its marginal edge. i

8; In combination, a support, a rail chair comprisinga flat'plateadapted to be mounted on the support, a bolt extending through thesupport arranged parallel to said plate;

meansto hold the rail to. the plate and the chair against movementrelative to'the support including a second bolt having one end connectedto the first mentioned bolt, and a clip on the other end clamped againstthe flange at the base of the rail, and means to hold the rail againstlateral movementrelative to the chair. I

9. In combination, a support, a rail chair comprising a flat plateadapted'to be mounted on the support, a bolt extending through thesupport arranged parallel to said plate, means to hold the rail totheplate and the chair against movement relative to the'supportincluding asecond bolt having one end connected to the first mentionedbolt, and a clip on the other end clamped against the flange at the baseofthe rail,- and means car ried by the plate to hold the rail againstlateral movement relative to the chair.

' 10; In combination, asupport, a rail chair comprising a flat platebearing on the support and projecting on each side ofthe rail an amountat least substantially equal to the width of the rail, said plate havina (lepending reinforcingflange at each of a pair of its edges transverseto the rail, said: flanges being disposed to contact with the sides ofthe support, a bolt passing through the support and said flanges, andmeans arranged laterally outside'of the area of the plateloear-ingon thesupport to secure the rail to the chair.

11'. In-con1bination,a support,a rail chair comprising a plate bearingon said support and'projecting ateach side of the rail an amount atleast substantially equal to the Widthof the rail, said plate having adepending reinforcing flange transverse to the rail, a bolt passingthrough the flange and support, a second'bolt having one end connectedto the "first mentioned bolt and a clip on the other end clamped againstthe flange at the base of the rail.

12. In combination, a su] )port,a rail chair comprising a flat platehaving a depending reintoreingflange transverse to the rail, a boltpassing through the flange and support,'means to secure the rail to thechair including a clip bearing on the flange at the base of the rail anda bolt disposed laterally of the plate to clamp the said rail flangebetvveen'the clip and plate.

13; In combination, a support, a rail chair comprising a flat plateprojecting on both sides oil the rail an amount at least substantiallyequal to the Width of the rail and having a depending reinforcing rangeat each of a pair-of its edges transverse to the rail, said flangesbeing "disposed to contact with the sides of the support, means tosecure the chair to the support and means disposed laterally of theplate and said flanges to secure the rail to the chair.

14:. As an article of manufacture, a rail chair comprising a flat platehaving a perpendicularly disposed stiffening flange at I each of itslongitudinal edges, and a p-airof Wings substantially in the same planewith the plate projecting laterally from each of said edges, the Wingsof each pair being spaced a distance greater than the Width of the baseof the rail. I I 1 15. In combination, a support, a rail chaircomprising a plate mounted on said support and having lateral Wings insubstantially the same plane as the plate, a portion of each .Wing beingcut away to form a notch, and means to secure the rail and chair againstmovement relative to the support including-a bolt extending through saidnotch having one end connected to the support and the other endoperative to: clamp the flangeofthe rail base against the plate. I i

16. In combination, a. sup port,a rail; chair comprising a plate mountedon said support and having lateral win-gs in substantially the sameplane as the plate, a portion of each Wing being cut away to form anotch, andmeans to securethe rail and chair against movement relative tothe supportincluding a clip bearing on the flange of the rail base and abolt extending through said. clip and notch and having its lower endconnected to the support.

17. In combination, a support, a rail chair comprisin a plate mounted onsaid support and aving lateral wings in substantially the same plane asthe plate, a portion of each wing" being cut away to form a notch, andmeans to secure the rail and chair aga nst movement relative to thesupport includlng a cllp bearing on the flange of the ra l base having aportion fitting 1n said notch, and a bolt extendlng through said clipand connected at its lower end to the support.

18. In combination, a support, a rail chair comprising a plate adaptedto be mounted on the support, said plate having a depending reinforcingflange extending transversely of the rail and alateral Wingsubstantially in the plane of the plate, said Wing having a portioncutaway to form a notch, means to secure the chair to the support, andmeans to secure the rail to the chair, including a clip bearing on theflange at the base of the rail having a portion fitted in said notch anda bolt to clamp the clip against the rail flange.

19. In combination, a support, a rail chair comprising a plate adaptedto be mounted on the support, said plate having a depending reinforcingflange extending transversely of the rail and a lateral Wing substantially in the plane of the plate, said Wing having a portion cutaway to form a notch, means to secure the chair to the sup portincluding a bolt passing through said flange and support, and means tosecure the rail to the chair including a clip bearing on the flange atthe base of the rail having a portion fitted in said notch and a bolthavrail an amount such that the rail rests on i the middle third of theplate and a bolt passing through the flanges of the chair, and

the neutral axis of the tie to secure the parts together. I

21. In cornbination, a support,a rail chair comprising a plate mountedon said support and having lateral Wings in substantially the same planeas the plate, and means to secure the rail and chair against movementrelative to the support including a bolt extending past an end of a Winghavmg one end connected to the support and i the other end operative toclamp the flange of the rail base against the'plate.

22. As an article of manufacture, a rail chair comprising a flat platehaving a perpendicularly disposed stiffening flange and a pair of wingssubstantially in the'same plane with the plate projecting laterally fromeach of its longitudinal edges, the

Wings of each pair being spaceda distance greater than the Width of thebase of the rail.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

' WILLIAM G. COUGHLIN.

Certificate of Correction.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,44H,l01, grantedJanuary 9, 1923, upon the application or" William G. Coughlin, ofPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, for an improvement in Railway Constructions,an error appears in the printed specification requiring correction asfollows: Page 5, line 55, claim 1, after the Word rail insert the wordchair, and that the said Letters Patent should be read with thiscorrection therein that the-seine may conform to the record of the casein the Patent Oflice.

Signed and sealed this 6th day of February, A. 1)., 1923.

[SEAL] KARL FENNING,

Acting Commissioner of Patents.

